47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (tuberculosis, tuberkulose) valgt, emner højest 30 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
42 emner vises.
1
Bactericidal and sterilizing activity of sudapyridine-clofazimine-TB47 combined with linezolid or pyrazinamide in a murine model of tuberculosis
Wei YuYanan JuXingli HanXirong TianJie DingShuai WangH. M. Adnan HameedYamin GaoLei LiYongguo LiNanshan ZhongTianyu Zhang1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China2Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China3China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China4Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China5Division of Life Science and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China6Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China7Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China8Shanghai Jiatan Pharmatech Co., Ltd, a subsidiary of Guangzhou JOYO Pharma Ltd., Shanghai, China9State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Sean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
2
Tuberculosis in United States-Bound Follow-to-Join Asylees, 2014–2019
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 999-1005
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3
Integrating molecular and radiological screening tools during community-based active case-finding for tuberculosis and COVID-19 in southern Africa
Alex John Scott, Mohammed Limbada, Tahlia Perumal, Shameem Jaumdally, Andrea Kotze, Charnay van der Merwe, Maina Cheeba, Deborah Milimo, Keelin Murphy, Bram van Ginneken, Mariana de Kock, Robin Mark Warren, Phindile Gina, Jeremi Swanepoel, Louié Kühn, Suzette Oelofse, Anil Pooran, Aliasgar Esmail, Helen Ayles, Keertan Dheda
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
To evaluate diagnostic yield and feasibility of integrating testing for TB and COVID-19 using molecular and radiological screening tools during community-based active case-finding (ACF).
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4
Association between TB delay and TB treatment outcomes in HIV-TB co-infected patients: a study based on the multilevel propensity score method
BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background HIV-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection is a significant public health concern worldwide. TB delay, consisting of patient delay, diagnostic delay, treatment delay, increases the risk of adverse anti-TB treatment (ATT) outcomes. Except for individual level variables, differences in regional levels have been shown to impact the ATT outcomes. However, few studies appropriately considered possible individual and regional level confounding variables. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of TB delay on treatment outcomes in HIV-TB co-infected patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Liangshan Prefecture) of China, using a causal inference framework while taking into account individual and regional level factors. Methods We conducted a study to analyze data from 2068 patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture from 2019 to 2022. To address potential confounding bias, we used a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) to select appropriate confounding variables. Further, we controlled for these confounders through multilevel propensity score and inverse probability weighting (IPW). Results The successful rate of ATT for patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture was 91.2%. Total delay (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.015, 1.962), diagnostic delay (OR = 1.778, 95% CI: 1.261, 2.508), treatment delay (OR = 1.749, 95% CI: 1.146, 2.668) and health system delay (OR = 1.480 95% CI: (1.035, 2.118) were identified as risk factors for successful ATT outcome. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of these findings. Conclusions HIV-TB co-infection prevention and control policy in Liangshan Prefecture should prioritize early treatment for diagnosed HIV-TB co-infected patients. It is urgent to improve the health system in Liangshan Prefecture to reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment.
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5
[Spotlight] UK patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Tony Kirby
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In the summer of 2019, Claire (name changed for confidentiality) began to feel unwell. “I felt exhausted all the time”, she explains. “But when I went to my family doctor on two different occasions, I was told fatigue was a complex issue and not given any diagnosis.”
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6
Delineating the evolutionary pathway to multidrug-resistant outbreaks of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis L4.1.2.1/Haarlem sublineage
Naira Dekhil, Helmi Mardassi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most potent TB drugs. This form of TB infection remains a major public health concern globally, which has been exacerbated by the HIV epidemic. The recent advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has further severely complicated the situation, by disrupting healthcare systems. Indeed, the burden of MDR-TB increased by 3% between 2020 and 2021, with 450 000 new cases of rifampicin-resistant TB in 2021, thus hampering the global TB control efforts [1].
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7
Quantitative Interferon-Gamma Releasing Assay in Predicting Tuberculosis in South Korean Military: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Sung-Woon Kang, Jeongjae Lee, Seong Min Kim, Dahye Kang, Euijin Chang, Seongman Bae, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Sung-Han Kim
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
The interferon-gamma releasing assay (IGRA) has been widely used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, there are limited data on the association between performance in the IGRA and risk of tuberculosis disease (TBD), as well as on the appropriate IGRA threshold for initiating TBI treatment.
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8
A case of pulmonary melioidosis in Germany: a rare differential diagnosis in returning travelers from South-East Asia
Infection, 28.04.2024
Tilføjet 28.04.2024
Abstract Background Melioidosis is a bacterial infection associated with high mortality. The diagnostic approach to this rare disease in Europe is challenging, especially because pulmonary manifestation of melioidosis can mimic pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Antibiotic therapy of melioidosis consists of an initial intensive phase of 2–8 weeks followed by an eradication therapy of 3–6 months. Case presentation We present the case of a 46-year-old female patient with pulmonary melioidosis in Germany. The patient showed chronic cough, a pulmonary mass and a cavitary lesion, which led to the initial suspicion of pulmonary TB. Melioidosis was considered due to a long-term stay in Thailand with recurrent exposure to rice fields. Results Microbiologic results were negative for TB. Histopathology of an endobronchial tumor showed marked chronic granulation tissue and fibrinous inflammation. Melioidosis was diagnosed via polymerase chain reaction by detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei/mallei target from mediastinal lymph-node tissue. Conclusion This case report emphasizes that melioidosis is an important differential diagnosis in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and recent travel to South-East Asia.
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9
A case of pulmonary melioidosis in Germany: a rare differential diagnosis in returning travelers from South-East Asia
Infection, 27.04.2024
Tilføjet 27.04.2024
Abstract Background Melioidosis is a bacterial infection associated with high mortality. The diagnostic approach to this rare disease in Europe is challenging, especially because pulmonary manifestation of melioidosis can mimic pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Antibiotic therapy of melioidosis consists of an initial intensive phase of 2–8 weeks followed by an eradication therapy of 3–6 months. Case presentation We present the case of a 46-year-old female patient with pulmonary melioidosis in Germany. The patient showed chronic cough, a pulmonary mass and a cavitary lesion, which led to the initial suspicion of pulmonary TB. Melioidosis was considered due to a long-term stay in Thailand with recurrent exposure to rice fields. Results Microbiologic results were negative for TB. Histopathology of an endobronchial tumor showed marked chronic granulation tissue and fibrinous inflammation. Melioidosis was diagnosed via polymerase chain reaction by detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei/mallei target from mediastinal lymph-node tissue. Conclusion This case report emphasizes that melioidosis is an important differential diagnosis in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and recent travel to South-East Asia.
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10
Chronic meningitis in adults: a comparison between neurotuberculosis and neurobrucellosis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 26.04.2024
Tilføjet 26.04.2024
Abstract Background In regions endemic for tuberculosis and brucellosis, distinguishing between tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and brucella meningitis (BM) poses a substantial challenge. This study investigates the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with TBM and BM. Methods Adult patients diagnosed with either TBM or BM who were admitted to two referral hospitals between March 2015 and October 2022, were included, and the characteristics of the patients were analyzed. Results Seventy patients formed the study group, 28 with TBM and 42 with BM, were included. TBM patients had a 2.06-fold (95% CI: 1.26 to 3.37, P-value: 0.003) higher risk of altered consciousness and a 4.80-fold (95% CI: 1.98 to 11.61, P-value:
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11
(Re-)introduction of TNF antagonists and JAK inhibitors in patients with previous tuberculosis: a systematic review
Thomas Theo rehm, Maja Reimann, Niklas Köhler, Christoph Lange
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common complication associated with treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. However, there is uncertainty about the risk of TB relapse in patients with TB and comorbidities requiring treatment with these agents.
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12
Death after cure: mortality among pulmonary tuberculosis survivors in rural Uganda
Joseph Baruch Baluku, Brenda Namanda, Sharon Namiiro, Diana Karungi Rwabwera, Gloria Mwesigwa, Catherine Namaara, Bright Twinomugisha, Isabella Nyirazihawe, Edwin Nuwagira, Grace Kansiime, Enock Kizito, Mary G. Nabukenya-Mudiope, Moorine Penninah Sekadde, Felix Bongomin, Joshua Senfuka, Ronald Olum, Aggrey Byaruhanga, Ian Munabi, Sarah Kiguli
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.04.2024
Tilføjet 21.04.2024
There were an estimated 155 million tuberculosis (TB) survivors globally as of 2020 [1]. However, the risk of mortality among TB survivors is thrice that of people who have never suffered TB [2]. Early identification of risk factors for long-term mortality in people with TB, especially in rural areas where studies have found a four-fold increase in mortality, could significantly improve their long-term survival [3]. This study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of mortality among TB survivors at a rural tertiary hospital in Uganda.
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13
For Tuberculosis, Not “To Screen or Not to Screen?” but “Who?” and “How?”
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Active case finding leveraging new molecular diagnostics and chest X-rays with automated interpretation algorithms is increasingly being developed for high-risk populations to drive down tuberculosis incidence. We consider why such an approach did not deliver a decline in tuberculosis prevalence in Brazilian prison populations and what to consider next.
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14
Assessment for Antibodies to Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Persons Developing Flu-like Reactions During Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Background Flu-like reactions can occur after exposure to rifampin, rifapentine, or isoniazid. Prior studies have reported the presence of antibodies to rifampin, but associations with underlying pathogenesis are unclear.Methods We evaluated PREVENT TB study participants who received weekly isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) or daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) as treatment for M. tuberculosis infection. Flu-like reaction was defined as a grade ≥2 of any of flu-like symptoms. Controls (3HP or 9H) did not report flu-like reactions. We developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect antibodies against rifapentine, isoniazid, rifampin, and rifapentine metabolite.Results Among 128 participants, 69 received 3HP (22 with flu-like reactions; 47 controls) and 59 received 9H (12 with flu-like reactions; 47 controls). In participants receiving 3HP, anti-rifapentine IgG was identified in 2/22 (9%) participants with flu-like reactions and 6/47 (13%) controls (P = 0.7), anti-isoniazid IgG in 2/22 (9%) participants with flu-like reactions and 4/47 (9%) controls (P = 0.9), and anti-rifapentine metabolite IgG in 2/47 (4%) controls (P = 0.9). Among participants receiving 9H, IgG and IgM anti-isoniazid antibodies were each present in 4/47 (9%) controls, respectively, but none among participants with flu-like reactions; anti-rifapentine IgG antibodies were not present in any participants with flu-like reactions or controls.Conclusions We detected anti-rifapentine, anti-isoniazid, and anti-rifapentine metabolite antibodies, but the proportions of participants with antibodies were low, and did not differ between participants with flu-like reactions and those without such reactions. This suggests that flu-like reactions associated with 3HP and 9H were not antibody-mediated.
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15
Duration of Effective Tuberculosis Treatment, not Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) Smear Status, as the Determinant for Deisolation in Community Settings
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
16
NTCA Guidelines for Respiratory Isolation and Restrictions to Reduce Transmission of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Community Settings
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
17
Vaccine-Preventable Disease Outbreaks among Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Abstract Background Outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in health care workers (HCWs) can result in morbidity and mortality and cause significant disruptions to health care services, patients and visitors as well as an added burden on the health system. This scoping review is aimed to describe the epidemiology of VPD outbreaks in HCW, caused by diseases which are prevented by the ten vaccines recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for HCWs.Methods In April 2022 CINAHL, MEDLINE, Global Health and EMBASE were searched for all articles reporting on VPD outbreaks in HCWs since the year 2000. Articles were included regardless of language and study type. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of VPD outbreaks were described.Results Our search found 9363 articles, of which 216 met inclusion criteria. Studies describing six of the ten VPDs were found: influenza, measles, varicella, tuberculosis, pertussis and rubella. Most articles (93%) were from high- and upper middle-income countries. While most outbreaks occurred in hospitals, several influenza outbreaks were reported in long term care facilities. Based on available data, vaccination rates amongst HCWs were rarely reported.Conclusion We describe several VPD outbreaks in HCWs from 2000 to April 2022. The review emphasises the need to understand the factors influencing outbreaks in HCWs and highlight importance of vaccination amongst HCWs.
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18
Implementation of a rapid diagnostic assay package for cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis and tuberculosis in people living with HIV in Paraguay
BMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Opportunistic infections (OIs) are common causes of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We determined prevalence and 30-day mortality due to histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and TB in PLHIV with advanced HIV disease (AHD). Methods PLHIV 18 years and older, with a CD4 + T-cell count of less than 350 cells/mm3 newly diagnosed with HIV infection or re-engaged in care after being without ART for more than 90 days (Group A). The second group included symptomatic PLHIV regardless of ART status or CD4 + T-cell count (Group B); all followed for 30 days. Detection of Histoplasma Ag (HisAg) in urine was done by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Cryptococcus antigen (CrAg) was detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens by lateral flow assay (LFA), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection in urine was by LFA (TB LAM) and in sputum by GeneXpert for diagnosis of Mycobacterium infections. Results From August 2021 to June 2022, 491 PLHIV were enrolled; 482 (98%) had a CD4 + T-cell result, and 381 patients (79%) were classified with AHD according to CD4 + T-cell count (
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19
A systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating serum and plasma microRNAs in TB diagnosis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of circulating miRNAs in Latent TB (LTB) and Active Pulmonary TB (PTB). Methods Literature published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Funnel plots and forest plots were generated to assess the likelihood of study bias and heterogeneity, respectively. Results After the screening process, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The study groups, which consisted of Healthy Control (HC) vs. TB and LTB vs. TB, exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81.9% (95% CI: 74.2, 87.7) and specificity of 68.3% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.2), respectively. However, our meta-analysis results highlighted two potentially valuable miRNA candidates, miR-197 and miR-144, for discriminating TB from HC. The miRNA signature model (miR197-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-223-3p) has also been shown to diagnose DR-TB with a sensitivity of 100%, but with a compromised specificity of only 75%. Conclusion miRNA biomarkers show a promising future for TB diagnostics. Further multicentre studies without biases are required to identify clinically valid biomarkers for different states of the TB disease spectrum. Systematic review registration PROSPERO (CRD42022302729).
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20
Increased tuberculosis case detection in Tanzanian children and adults using African giant pouched rats
BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background African giant pouched rats, trained by Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), have demonstrated their ability to detect tuberculosis (TB) from sputum. We assessed rat-based case detection and compared the mycobacterium bacillary load (MTB-load) in children versus adults. Methods From January–December 2022, samples were collected prospectively from 69 Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) facilities’ presumed TB patients. Using an average of five rats, APOPO re-evaluated patients with bacteriologically negative (sputum-smear microscopy or Xpert MTB/RIF) results. Rat-positive samples were tested using concentrated smear light-emitting diode microscopy to confirm TB detection before treatment initiation. The rats’ identification of pulmonary TB is based on smelling TB-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in sputum. Using STATA, Chi-square for odds ratio and confidence interval was calculated and evaluated: (1) the yield of rat-based TB detection compared to that of the health facilities; (2) rat-based TB detection in children versus adults; and (3) rats’ ability to detect TB across MTB-loads and between children and adults. Results From 35,766 patients, 5.3% (1900/35,766) were smear-positive and 94.7% (33,866/35,766) were smear or Xpert-negatives at DOTS facility. Of those with negative results, 2029 TB cases were detected using rats, contributing to 52% (2029/3929 of total TB identified), which otherwise would have been missed. Compared to DOT facilities, rats were six-fold more likely to detect TB among Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) 1+/scanty [90% (1829/2029) versus 60% (1139/1900), odds ratio, OR = 6.11, 95% confidence interval, CI: 5.14–7.26]; twice more likely to identify TB cases among children [71% (91/129) versus 51% (1795/3542), OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.59–3.42]; and twice more likely to identify TB cases among children with AFB 1+/scanty than adults with the same MTB-load [5% (86/1703) versus 3% (28/1067), OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.28–3.03]. Conclusions Rats contributed over half of the TB cases identified in program settings, and children, especially those with a lower MTB-load, were more likely to be diagnosed with TB by rats. The chemical signatures, VOCs, were only available for adults, and further research describing the characteristics of VOCs in children versus adults may pave the way to enhance TB diagnosis in children.
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21
Dual-centre evaluation of the FluoroType MTBDR version 2 assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and resistance-conferring mutations in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples from Denmark, Germany and Sierra Leone
Erik Svensson, Hannah Ketelsen, Sönke Andres, Dorte Bek Folkvardsen, Doris Hillemann, Ousman Conteh, Anders Norman, Stefan Niemann, Troels Lillebaek, Martin Kuhns
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 14.04.2024
Tilføjet 14.04.2024
We evaluated the ability of FluoroType MTBDR version 2 (FTv2; Hain Lifescience), a second-step real-time PCR assay, to simultaneously detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA and mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples from patients and compared them with corresponding cultures.
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22
[Articles] Safety of a controlled human infection model of tuberculosis with aerosolised, live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG versus intradermal BCG in BCG-naive adults in the UK: a dose-escalation, randomised, controlled, phase 1 trial
Iman Satti, Julia L Marshall, Stephanie A Harris, Rachel Wittenberg, Rachel Tanner, Raquel Lopez Ramon, Morven Wilkie, Fernando Ramos Lopez, Michael Riste, Daniel Wright, Marco Polo Peralta Alvarez, Nicola Williams, Hazel Morrison, Elena Stylianou, Pedro Folegatti, Daniel Jenkin, Samantha Vermaak, Linnea Rask, Ingrid Cabrera Puig, Rebecca Powell Doherty, Alison Lawrie, Paul Moss, Timothy Hinks, Henry Bettinson, Helen McShane
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
This first-in-human aerosol BCG controlled human infection model was sufficiently well tolerated. Further work will evaluate the utility of this model in assessing vaccine efficacy and identifying potential correlates of protection.
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23
Predictors of quality of life of TB/HIV co-infected patients in the Northern region of Ghana
BMC Infectious Diseases, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) co-morbidity continues to be a serious worldwide health issue, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies on the quality of life (QOL) of TB/HIV co-infected patients guide stakeholders on the delivery of patient-centred healthcare. This study evaluated QOL of TB/HIV co-infected individuals and its contributing factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among TB/HIV co-infected patients, receiving treatment at clinics in the Northern Region of Ghana. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 213 patients from 32 clinics. We gathered information on patients’ QOL using the World Health Organization QOL-HIV BREF assessment tool. At a 5% level of significance, multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to find correlates of QOL among the patients. Results The mean age of the patients was (38.99 ± 14.00) years with most, 33.3% (71/213) aged 30–39 years. Males constituted 54.9% (117/213). About 30.0% (64/213) of the patients reported a good QOL. Being employed (aOR = 5.23, 95% CI: 1.87 – 14.60), and adhering to treatment (aOR = 6.36, 95% CI: 1.51 – 26.65) were significantly associated with a good QOL. Being depressed (aOR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.03 – 0.29), stigmatized (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI : 0.11 – 0.84), and not exercising (aOR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12 – 0.67) were negatively associated with a good QOL. Conclusion Less than one-third of TB/HIV co-infected patients in the region have good QOL. To guarantee good QOL, modifiable predictors such as patients’ physical activity and medication adherence should be targeted by the National AIDS and TB Control Programs.
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24
Incipient tuberculosis: a comprehensive overview
Infection, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Abstract In the context of the evolving global health landscape shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, tuberculosis (TB) is gaining renewed attention as a reemerging threat even in low-endemic countries. Immunological tests such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) are pivotal in identifying tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, their inability to distinguish between past and ongoing infection poses a diagnostic challenge, possibly leading to the unnecessary treatment of a significant portion of the population with potential side effects. This review delves into the concept of incipient tuberculosis (ITB), a dynamic, presymptomatic stage characterized by heightened Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) metabolic activity and replication that result in minimal radiological changes, signifying a transitional state between TBI and TB. Key focus areas include epidemiological factors, underlying pathogenesis, imaging findings, and the ongoing challenges in the identification of individuals with ITB through the development of new biomarkers and the use of whole-genome sequencing-based analyses to implement early treatment strategies.
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25
Assessing potential drug-drug interactions between clofazimine and other frequently used agents to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis
Allan KengoFirdaus NabeemeeahPaolo DentiRyan SabetGifty Okyere-ManuPattamukkil AbrahamLubbe WeisnerModiehi Helen MosalaSibongile TshabalalaJanine ScholefieldJuan Eduardo Resendiz-GalvanNeil A. MartinsonEbrahim Variava1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa2Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa3Bioengineering and Integrated Genomics Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa4Johns Hopkins University Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA5Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Klerksdorp/Tshepong Hospital Complex North-West Province, Klerksdorp-Tshepong, South Africa, James E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
26
Clinical outcomes in children living with HIV treated for non-severe tuberculosis in the SHINE Trial
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Abstract Background Children living with HIV(CLWH) are at high risk of tuberculosis(TB) and face poor outcomes, despite antiretroviral treatment(ART). We evaluated outcomes in CLWH and HIV-uninfected children treated for non-severe TB in the SHINE trial.Methods SHINE was a randomized trial that enrolled children aged
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27
Incipient tuberculosis: a comprehensive overview
Infection, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Abstract In the context of the evolving global health landscape shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, tuberculosis (TB) is gaining renewed attention as a reemerging threat even in low-endemic countries. Immunological tests such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) are pivotal in identifying tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, their inability to distinguish between past and ongoing infection poses a diagnostic challenge, possibly leading to the unnecessary treatment of a significant portion of the population with potential side effects. This review delves into the concept of incipient tuberculosis (ITB), a dynamic, presymptomatic stage characterized by heightened Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) metabolic activity and replication that result in minimal radiological changes, signifying a transitional state between TBI and TB. Key focus areas include epidemiological factors, underlying pathogenesis, imaging findings, and the ongoing challenges in the identification of individuals with ITB through the development of new biomarkers and the use of whole-genome sequencing-based analyses to implement early treatment strategies.
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28
Transcriptomic responses to antibiotic exposure in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Husain PoonawalaYu ZhangSravya KuchibhotlaAnna G. GreenDaniela Maria CirilloFederico Di MarcoAndrea SpitlaeriPaolo MiottoMaha R. Farhat1Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA2Department of Medicine and Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA3Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, Massachusetts, USA4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA5Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA6Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA7Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy8Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy9Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Sean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
29
Public health surveillance through community health workers: a scoping review of evidence from 25 low-income and middle-income countries
Alhassan, J. A. K., Wills, O.
BMJ Open, 6.04.2024
Tilføjet 6.04.2024
BackgroundThe last 3 years have witnessed global health challenges, ranging from the pandemics of COVID-19 and mpox (monkeypox) to the Ebola epidemic in Uganda. Public health surveillance is critical for preventing these outbreaks, yet surveillance systems in resource-constrained contexts struggle to provide timely disease reporting. Although community health workers (CHWs) support health systems in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), very little has been written about their role in supporting public health surveillance. This review identified the roles, impacts and challenges CHWs face in public health surveillance in 25 LMICs. MethodsWe conducted a scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. We exported 1,156 peer-reviewed records from Embase, Global Health and PubMed databases. After multiple screenings, 29 articles were included in the final review. ResultsCHWs significantly contribute to public health surveillance in LMICs including through contact tracing and patient visitation to control major infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, Ebola, neglected tropical diseases and COVID-19. Their public health surveillance roles typically fall into four main categories including community engagement; data gathering; screening, testing and treating; and health education and promotion. The use of CHWs in public health surveillance in LMICs has been impactful and often involves incorporation of various technologies leading to improved epidemic control and disease reporting. Nonetheless, use of CHWs can come with four main challenges including lack of education and training, lack of financial and other resources, logistical and infrastructural challenges as well as community engagement challenges. ConclusionCHWs are important stakeholders in surveillance because they are closer to communities than other healthcare workers. Further integration and training of CHWs in public health surveillance would improve public health surveillance because CHWs can provide health data on ‘hard-to-reach’ populations. CHWs’ work in public health surveillance would also be greatly enhanced by infrastructural investments.
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30
Efflux pump effects on levofloxacin resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus
Tianlu TengSuting ChenFengmin HuoJunnan JiaLiping ZhaoGuanglu JiangFen WangNaihui ChuHairong Huang1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China2National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China3Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China, Sean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
31
Normalizing granuloma vasculature and matrix improves drug delivery and reduces bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits
Meenal DattaLaura E. ViaVéronique DartoisDanielle M. WeinerMatthew ZimmermanFirat KayaApril M. WalkerJoel D. FleegleIsaac D. RapleeColton McNinchMaksym ZarodniukWalid S. KamounChangli YueAshwin S. KumarSonu SubudhiLei XuClifton E. BarryRakesh K. JainaDepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556bEdwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114cTuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892dCenter for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110eHackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110fTuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892gBioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
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Tuberculosis disease in immunocompromised children and adolescents: a pTBnet multi-centre case-control study
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Abstract Background In high-resource settings the survival of immunocompromised (IC) children has increased and immunosuppressive therapies are increasingly being used. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics, performance of diagnostic tools and outcome of IC children with TB in Europe.Methods Multicentre, matched case-control study within the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet), capturing TB cases
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33
Estimating the Potential Public Health Value of BCG Revaccination
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Abstract An upcoming trial may provide further evidence that adolescent/adult-targeted BCG revaccination prevents sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but its public health value depends on its impact on overall tuberculosis morbidity and mortality, which will remain unknown. Using previously calibrated models for India and South Africa, we simulated BCG revaccination assuming 45% prevention-of-infection efficacy, and we evaluated scenarios varying additional prevention-of-disease efficacy between +50% (reducing risk) and −50% (increasing risk). Given the assumed prevention-of-infection efficacy and range in prevention-of-disease efficacy, BCG revaccination may have a positive health impact and be cost-effective. This may be useful when considering future evaluations and implementation of adolescent/adult BCG revaccination.
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34
The plasma kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio as a biomarker of tuberculosis disease in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: an exploratory nested case–control study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Abstract Background Non-sputum-based tests are needed to predict or diagnose tuberculosis (TB) disease in people living with HIV (PWH). The enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is expressed in tuberculoid granuloma and catabolizes tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn). IDO1 activity compromises innate and adaptive immune responses, promoting mycobacterial survival. The plasma Kyn-to-Trp (K/T) ratio is a potential TB diagnostic and/or predictive biomarker in PWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We compared plasma K/T ratios in samples from PWH, who were followed up prospectively and developed TB disease after ART initiation. Controls were matched for age and duration of ART. Kyn and Trp were measured at 3 timepoints; at TB diagnosis, 6 months before TB diagnosis and 6 months after TB diagnosis, using ultra performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Results The K/T ratios were higher for patients with TB disease at time of diagnosis (median, 0.086; IQR, 0.069–0.123) compared to controls (0.055; IQR 0.045–0.064; p = 0.006), but not before or after TB diagnosis. K/T ratios significantly declined after successful TB treatment, but increased upon treatment failure. The K/T ratios showed a parabolic correlation with CD4 cell counts in participants with TB (p = 0.005), but there was no correlation in controls. Conclusions The plasma K/T ratio helped identify TB disease and may serve as an adjunctive biomarker for for monitoring TB treatment in PWH. Validation studies to ascertain these findings and evaluate the optimum cut-off for diagnosis of TB disease in PWH should be undertaken in well-designed prospective cohorts. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00411983.
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35
The clinical profile and outcomes of drug resistant tuberculosis in Central Province of Zambia
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Abstract Background The emergence of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the main public health and economic problems facing the world today. DR-TB affects mostly those in economically productive years and prevents them from being part of the workforce needed for economic growth. The aim of this study was to determine the Clinical Profile and Outcomes of DR-TB in Central Province of Zambia. Methods This was a retrospective cross sectional study that involved a review of records of patients with confirmed DR-TB who were managed at Kabwe Central Hospital’s Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) Ward from the year 2017 to 2021. 183 patients were managed during this period and all were recruited in the study. Data was collected from DR-TB registers and patient files and then entered in SPSS version 22 where all statistical analyses were performed. Results The study revealed that the prevalence of DR-TB among registered TB patients in Central Province was 1.4%. Majority of those affected were adults between the ages of 26 and 45 years (63.9%). The study also found that more than half of the patients were from Kabwe District (60.7%). Other districts with significant number of cases included Kapiri Mposhi 19 (10.4%), Chibombo 12 (6.6%), Chisamba 10 (5.5%), Mumbwa 7 (3.8%) and Mkushi 7 (3.8%). Furthermore, the analysis established that most of the patients had RR-TB (89.6%). 9.3% had MDR-TB, 0.5% had IR-TB and 0.5% had XDR-TB. RR-TB was present in 93.8% of new cases and 88.9% of relapse cases. MDR-TB was present in 6.2% of new cases and 10% of relapse cases. With regard to outcomes of DR-TB, the investigation revealed that 16.9% of the patients had been declared cured, 45.9% had completed treatment, 6% were lost to follow up and 21.3% had died. Risk factors for mortality on multivariate analysis included age 36–45 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.253, 95% CI [0.70–0.908] p = 0.035) and male gender (aOR 0.261, 95% CI [0.107–0.638] p = 0.003). Conclusion The research has shown beyond doubt that the burden of DR-TB in Central Province is high. The study recommends putting measures in place that will help improve surveillance, early detection, early initiation of treatment and proper follow up of patients.
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36
[News] Phase 2 trial of a novel tuberculosis drug launched
Ed Holt
The Lancet Microbe, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
During the Union World Conference on Lung Health 2023, held in Paris, France, on Nov 15–18, results from preclinical studies and a phase 1 trial of a novel candidate tuberculosis drug were presented. The new compound, named TBAJ-876, belongs to the diarylquinoline class of antibiotics (like bedaquiline).
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[Articles] Accuracy of the tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay to diagnose and monitor response to anti-tuberculosis therapy: a longitudinal comparative study with standard-of-care smear microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and culture in Uganda
Emmanuel Musisi, Samuel Wamutu, Willy Ssengooba, Sharifah Kasiinga, Abdulwahab Sessolo, Ingvar Sanyu, Sylvia Kaswabuli, Josephine Zawedde, Patrick Byanyima, Praiscillia Kia, William Muwambi, Divine Tracy Toskin, Edgar Kigozi, Natasha Walbaum, Evelin Dombay, Mate Bonifac Legrady, Kizza David-Martin Ssemambo, Moses Joloba, Davis Kuchaka, William Worodria, Laurence Huang, Stephen H Gillespie, Wilber Sabiiti
The Lancet Microbe, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
TB-MBLA has a similar performance to Xpert-Ultra for pretreatment diagnosis of tuberculosis, but is more accurate at detecting and characterising the response to treatment than Xpert-Ultra and standard-of-care smear microscopy.
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38
Gendered gaps to tuberculosis prevention and care in Kenya: a political economy analysis study
Abdullahi, L. H., Oketch, S., Komen, H., Mbithi, I., Millington, K., Mulupi, S., Chakaya, J., Zulu, E. M.
BMJ Open, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern in Kenya despite the massive global efforts towards ending TB. The impediments to TB prevention and care efforts include poor health systems, resource limitations and other sociopolitical contexts that inform policy and implementation. Notably, TB cases are much higher in men than women. Therefore, the political economy analysis (PEA) study provides in-depth contexts and understanding of the gender gaps to access and successful treatment for TB infection. DesignPEA adopts a qualitative, in-depth approach through key informant interviews (KII) and documentary analysis. Setting and participantsThe KIIs were distributed among government entities, academia, non-state actors and community TB groups from Kenya. ResultsThe themes identified were mapped onto the applied PEA analysis framework domains. The contextual and institutional issues included gender concerns related to the disconnect between TB policies and gender inclusion aspects, such as low prioritisation for TB programmes, limited use of evidence to inform decisions and poor health system structures. The broad barriers influencing the social contexts for TB programmes were social stigma and cultural norms such as traditional interventions that negatively impact health-seeking behaviours. The themes around the economic situation were poverty and unemployment, food insecurity and malnutrition. The political context centred around the systemic and governance gaps in the health system from the national and devolved health functions. ConclusionBroad contextual factors identified from the PEA widen the disparity in targeted gender efforts toward men. Following the development of effective TB policies and strategies, it is essential to have well-planned gendered responsive interventions with a clear implementation plan and monitoring system to enhance access to TB prevention and care.
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39
Disseminated Tuberculosis of the Axial Skeleton
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4 Pages: 623-624
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Cardiac Tuberculosis: A Case Series from Ethiopia, Italy, and Uganda and a Literature Review
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4 Pages: 795-804
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41
Modelling the preventive treatment under media impact on tuberculosis: A comparison in four regions of China
Infectious Disease Modelling, 13.02.2024
Tilføjet 13.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Jun Zhang, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, Yueping Dong, Zhihang Peng
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Analysis of the impacts of treatments in a HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis co-infected population under random perturbations
Infectious Disease Modelling, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Olusegun Michael Otunuga
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